Does cannabis have harmful effects on children and teenagers?
Explanation of AAP Policy: The American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) does not support the legalization of marijuana due to its negative impact on children.
By Bio-Tech International Institute
With the increasing number of states legalizing cannabis for medical or recreational purposes, many parents are uncertain about the potential implications for their children. There is a widespread inquiry:
Does the legalization of cannabis convey the notion to children that it is deemed secure for consumption?
Will young individuals perceive it as merely another form of medication if specific individuals utilize it to alleviate pain, improve sleep, or manage the symptoms of a severe illness?
These concerns are pertinent for everyone to contemplate, and they are indeed a component of an expanding discourse on cannabis consumption and the most effective methods of regulation.
The American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) is deeply worried about the impact of cannabis on the health of young individuals who are in the midst of physical and cognitive development. As the discussion around cannabis persists, we consistently evaluate the most recent scientific research to provide concise and beneficial recommendations for physicians and families.
Are cannabis, marijuana, weed, and pot synonymous?
A multitude of parents and caregivers have a sense of being inundated by the various appellations and terminologies associated with cannabis. Below is a concise overview of the essential information you should know.
Throughout decades, cannabis has been often referred to by colloquial terms such as pot, weed, or grass. Although you may occasionally see these terms in informal discussions or news reports, the term "cannabis" is the most often employed to refer to compounds derived from the cannabis sativa plant. (Cannabis products also utilize other varieties of the plant, such as cannabis indica.)
Marijuana and cannabis are frequently used synonymously; however, there may exist a distinction between the two. Marijuana refers to any component of the cannabis plant (or any derived product) that contains significant amounts of tetrahydrocannabinol, often known as THC. THC is the psychoactive compound responsible for the euphoric effects commonly associated with the use of cannabis. Specific individuals refrain from using the term "marijuana" because they are concerned about the negative connotations and stereotypes connected with the phrase that may perpetuate anti-Mexican attitudes.
Cannabis has several active ingredients, not only THC. There exist over 100 cannabinoids, among which you are likely familiar with cannabidiol, sometimes known as CBD.
Hashish, often known as a hash, is derived from the resin mostly found on the flower buds of the cannabis plant.
Various varieties of cannabis can be consumed via smoking, inhaling using water pipes, or "vaping" using pens and other aerosolizing devices. It can be included in food, beverages, or confections to create "edibles." Inhaling cannabis concentrates or oils is sometimes referred to as "dabbing."
What is the current status of cannabis legislation nationwide?
A minimum of 37 states and the District of Columbia have enacted legislation permitting the sale and consumption of cannabis for medicinal reasons. An additional 21 states, along with the District of Columbia, have passed laws permitting the use of marijuana for recreational purposes by adults.
Cannabis is classed as a Schedule I substance at the federal level, which means it is grouped with drugs like heroin and LSD. A significant number of legislators and proponents argue for the reclassification of cannabis to facilitate further scientific investigation into its impact on our physiology, neurology, and conduct.
What information should parents and caregivers be aware of about cannabis?
The usage of it is prevalent among millions of young individuals; however, the majority abstain from utilizing it. According to data from 2021, around 7% of 8th-pupils, 17% of 10th-graders, and 30% of 12th-graders disclosed their consumption of cannabis or hashish over the previous 12 months.
It exerts a significant influence on the developing brains of young individuals. It is a well-established fact that the growth and development of a child's brain persist until about the age of 25. One of the several justifications for the AAP's stance on cannabis usage among young individuals is this. Studies indicate that the utilization of cannabis during adolescence and early adulthood can lead to:
Cognitive challenges and difficulties in critical thinking and finding solutions to problems.
Cognitive difficulties include memory and learning.
Impaired motor skills and delayed response time
Inability to concentrate and sustain attention
It can negatively impact academic achievement. Frequent cannabis usage can lead to academic difficulties and reduce the likelihood of achieving success in college and job. Indeed, the findings from 48 research indicate that children who often consume cannabis are significantly more prone to dropping out of school before completing their education or obtaining degrees.
It has the potential to increase the level of risk in life. Engaging in activities such as driving, skating, biking, or participating in sports while under the influence of drugs might result in severe accidents. Adolescents who are under the influence of substances may also engage in more sexual behaviors that carry potential long-term effects.
It has the potential to damage your child's respiratory system. Similar to tobacco, the smoke from marijuana irritates the mucous membranes of the mouth, throat, and lungs. Indeed, marijuana smoke contains several poisons and carcinogenic substances that are also present in tobacco smoke. Consumption of marijuana can initiate bronchitis and result in coughing and excessive production of mucus, which can disrupt the quality of sleep. If you are curious about the safety of vaping, here are some factual details on the risks of vaping for children.
It has been associated with mental health issues. Further investigation is required to fully comprehend the underlying reasons, although there is a correlation between cannabis consumption and the occurrence of sadness and anxiety among adolescents. Cannabis has been recognized as a potential catalyst for psychosis, which refers to an abrupt departure from reality and can serve as a first indication of schizophrenia or bipolar illness. Empirical data suggests that adolescents who engage in cannabis consumption are more prone to experiencing elevated levels of suicide ideation and engaging in self-harming behaviors.
It has the potential to create dependency. There is a prevalent misconception that cannabis is not addictive; however, data indicates otherwise—approximately 9% of those who consume cannabis experience drug use disorder specifically related to cannabis. However, among those who start cannabis use throughout their teenage years, the prevalence increases to 17%.
Substance use disorder occurs when your child is unable to cease their substance use despite facing adverse effects or having a desire to quit. Over 55% of adolescents aged 12 to 17 who actively pursue treatment for drug use disorder exhibit addiction to cannabis.
What is the AAP's position on cannabis?
To safeguard the physical and mental health of young individuals both presently and in the long term, the AAP has explicitly stated its stance through guidelines provided to physicians and families. It is our firm conviction that:
Individuals below the age of 21 should abstain from the use or usage of any type of cannabis.
Parents, relatives, and other caregivers should prioritize children's safety and be positive role models. This entails refraining from consuming cannabis in the presence of children and securely storing all cannabis products in a secured container that is inaccessible to them.
Prohibiting the advertising and marketing of cannabis that aims explicitly at attracting young individuals is necessary.
Cannabis goods have to be marketed in packaging that is resistant to children.
Public health campaigns should aim to educate individuals of all age groups about the detrimental effects of cannabis on the physical and cognitive development of young individuals, as well as the long-term implications on their health and future achievements if they begin its use at an early age.
What is the potential efficacy of cannabis-based medications for children suffering from severe health conditions?
The AAP endorses the science-based approaches employed by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to assess the safety and efficacy of novel pharmaceuticals. Epidiolex, a pharmaceutical formulation containing a refined variant of cannabidiol (CBD), has demonstrated efficacy in managing seizures associated with Lennox-Gastaut syndrome and Dravet syndrome. The FDA has approved the use of Epidolex in children as young as two years old following thorough testing. Dronabinol and nabilone are pharmaceuticals containing THC that the FDA has authorized for the treatment of nausea and vomiting caused by chemotherapy.
We anticipate that, via ongoing research, further medications derived from cannabis will be formulated, subjected to rigorous testing, and evaluated by the FDA.
Is it appropriate to apprehend or incarcerate young individuals for the consumption of cannabis?
The AAP advocates against the imposition of severe legal consequences for marijuana use, as it should not have long-lasting detrimental effects on a child's future. So far, a substantial number of young individuals have been apprehended, incarcerated, and confined due to their consumption of cannabis. Possessing a criminal record can significantly impede, if not render unattainable, the ability to secure educational loans, financial help, housing, and other employment opportunities.
Despite our firm conviction that cannabis usage poses risks for young individuals, we acknowledge that certain adolescents may engage in experimentation with it—and a portion of them may persist in its use or acquire addiction. We advocate for a therapeutic and preventive strategy rather than resorting to incarceration. Legalizing cannabis use for children will provide access to the necessary assistance and support for young individuals to quit.
What further measures can be used to safeguard our children?
Immediate study is necessary to enhance our understanding of the impact of cannabis on adolescents. Currently, there is existing data indicating that medicines derived from cannabis may be beneficial for individuals who are afflicted with severe health disorders. However, in the absence of research that exclusively targets children, we cannot ascertain the safety or efficacy of these therapies.
We must explore methods to finance this study and streamline the process to investigate the impact of cannabis on children comprehensively. This will enable us to determine if, under meticulous testing, it may benefit some individuals.
A quote from AAP:
“It is our responsibility to ensure the safety and well-being of our children. With the shifting views and legal landscape around cannabis, the AAP strongly advises parents and caregivers to support and promote the interests of young individuals actively. Acquire accurate information, encourage a candid conversation with your children, and if you have concerns about cannabis consumption, seek counsel and assistance from your physician.”
Source: 6/1/2024
